1. Individual perspective
- Individuals can propose, adopt and reject changes.
- Organisational change can occur by changing individual attitudes.
- E.g. Teachers need to adopt changes made by the society because teachers are the main ones implementing the changes made by the society.
2. Goals & Saga perspective
- Changes are made in order to reach a goal.
- It is important to consider the goals and saga of an organisation when managing organisational change.
3. Environmental perspective
- Physical setting such as the infrastructure
- Stakeholders are dependent for financial and moral support
- Helps us understand our resources better
- FAS (Financial Assistance Scheme) in Schools
- E.g. MacPherson Primary School
4. Structural perspective
- Refers to schools hierarchy, rules and goals
- For example, the top management has to proactive in the change when a policy like TLLM from MOE is implemented, by translating it to the teachers and in turn the teachers to the students
5. Technological perspective
- Refers to devices and technological equipment that assist to help establish goals
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